英文：One that trespasses on a trade monopoly, as by conducting unauthorized trade in an area designated to a chartered company.
中文：私商，无照营业者侵犯贸易垄断企业的人，例如在有特许权公司的经营范围内从事未经许可的贸易活动
英文：The holiday-makers chartered a boat to go fishing.
中文：渡假者租了一艘船去钓鱼。
英文：A municipal borough of northwest England north of Liverpool. Chartered in1193, it was built on the site of a Roman frontier station. Population, 47,900.
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