英文：One that trespasses on a trade monopoly, as by conducting unauthorized trade in an area designated to a chartered company.
中文：私商，無照營業者侵犯貿易壟斷企業的人，例如在有特許權公司的經營範圍内從事未經許可的貿易活動
英文：The holiday-makers chartered a boat to go fishing.
中文：渡假者租了一艘船去釣魚。
英文：A municipal borough of northwest England north of Liverpool. Chartered in1193, it was built on the site of a Roman frontier station. Population, 47,900.
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